Researchers from Tufts University School of Medicine have determined that patients older than 65 with knee osteoarthritis who engage in regular tai chi exercise improve physical function and experience less pain.
Tai chi is a traditional style of Chinese martial arts that features slow, rhythmic movements to induce mental relaxation and enhance balance, strength, flexibility, and self-efficacy.
The elderly population is at most risk for developing knee osteoarthritis, which results in pain, functional limitations, or disabilities and a reduced quality of life. About 4.3 million U.S. older than 60 are diagnosed with the malady, a common form of arthritis that causes wearing of joint cartilage, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A recent CDC report further explains that half of American adults may develop symptoms in at least one knee by age 85.
For this study, Dr. Chenchen Wang and colleagues recruited 40 patients from the greater Boston area with confirmed knee osteoarthritis who were in otherwise good health. The mean age was 65 years. Patients were selected randomly, and 20 were asked to participate in 60-minute Yang style tai chi sessions twice weekly for 12 weeks. Each session included a 10-minute self-massage and a review of tai chi principles, 30 minutes of tai chi movement; 10 minutes of breathing technique, and 10 minutes of relaxation.
"Tai chi is a mind-body approach that appears to be an applicable treatment" for knee osteoarthritis, Wang said. Physical components of tai chi are consistent with exercise recommendations for osteoarthritis, which include range of motion, flexibility, muscle conditioning, and aerobic work out. Researchers believe the mental feature of tai chi addresses negative effects of chronic pain by promoting psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction, and perceptions of health.
The remaining 20 participants assigned to the control group attended two 60-minute class sessions per week for 12 weeks. Each control session included 40 minutes of instruction covering osteoarthritis as a disease, diet and nutrition, therapies to treat OA, or physical and mental health education. The final 20 minutes consisted of stretching exercises involving the upper body, trunk, and lower body, with each stretch being held for 10-15 seconds.
At the end of the 12-week period, patients practicing tai chi exhibited a significant decrease in knee pain compared with those in the control group. Researchers also observed improved physical function, self-efficacy, depression, and health status in subjects in the tai chi group.
