Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor for Type 2 diabetes, but new research from Johns Hopkins suggests that quitting the habit may actually raise diabetes risk by as much as 70 percent—at least in the short term.
The researchers suspect the elevated diabetes risk is linked to the extra pounds people typically put on after stopping smoking and warned that no one should use the study's results as an excuse to keep smoking, which is also a risk factor for lung disease, heart disease, strokes and many types of cancer.
"The message is: Don't even start to smoke," study leader Hsin-Chieh "Jessica" Yeh, Ph.D., an assistant professor of general internal medicine and epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, said in a statement.
"If you smoke, give it up. That's the right thing to do. But people have to also watch their weight," she added.
In the study, published in the January 5 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine, researchers found that people who quit smoking have a 70 percent increased risk of developing Type 2 diabetes in the first six years without cigarettes as compared to people who never smoked. The risks were highest in the first three years and returned to normal after 10 years. Among those who continued smoking over that period, the risk was lower, but the chance of developing diabetes was still 30 percent higher compared with those who never smoked.
The study enrolled 10,892 middle-aged adults who did not yet have diabetes from 1987 to 1989. The patients were followed for up to 17 years and data about diabetes status, glucose levels, weight, and more were collected at regular intervals.
Type 2 diabetes is a common disease that interferes with the body's ability to properly use sugar and to regulate and properly use insulin. In Type 2 diabetes, also known as adult-onset diabetes, the pancreas makes enough insulin, but the body cannot use it normally. The result is excess levels of blood sugar, which over time, can lead to blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, and heart disease. Overweight people and those with a family history of the disease have an increased risk for developing Type 2 diabetes, as do smokers, though the relationship is unclear.
According to the study, those who smoked the most and those who gained the most weight had the highest likelihood for developing diabetes after they quit.
The Mayo Clinic offers the following tips to prevent Type 2 diabetes:
• Get more physical activity
• Get plenty of fiber
• Choose whole grains
• Lose extra weight
• Skip fad diets and make healthier choices
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