If you're trying to trim your tummy, ditch the weights and start running. In a head-to-head comparison of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and a combination of the two, researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that aerobic exercise is the most efficient and most effective way to lose belly fat.
Experts agree that belly fat is the most damaging type of fat to your health. But it's not only the fat that lies just under your skin and causes the dreaded muffin top. Belly or abdominal fat — known as visceral fat and liver fat — is located deep within the abdominal cavity and fills the spaces between internal organs. Belly fat has been linked to an increased risk for heart disease, diabetes, and several types of cancer.
"When it comes to increased health risks, where fat is deposited in the body is more important than how much fat you have," said Duke exercise physiologist Cris Slentz, Ph.D., lead author of a study published in the American Journal of Physiology.
"Our study sought to identify the most effective form of exercise to get rid of that unhealthy fat," he said in a press release.
The Duke study showed aerobic training significantly reduced visceral fat and liver fat, the culprit in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aerobic exercise also did a better job than resistance training at improving fasting insulin resistance, and reducing liver enzymes and fasting triglyceride levels. All are known risk factors for diabetes and heart disease.
Resistance training achieved no significant reductions in visceral fat, liver fat, liver enzyme levels or improvements in insulin resistance. The combination of aerobic with resistance training achieved results similar to aerobic training alone.
"Resistance training is great for improving strength and increasing lean body mass,” Slentz said. "But if you are overweight, which two-thirds of the population is, and you want to lose belly fat, aerobic exercise is the better choice because it burns more calories."
Aerobic training burned 67 percent more calories in the study when compared to resistance training.
The eight-month study followed 196 overweight, sedentary adults (ages 18 to 70) who were randomized to one of three groups: aerobic training, resistance training or a combination of the two.
The aerobic group performed exercises equivalent to 12 miles of jogging per week at 80 percent maximum heart rate. The resistance group performed three sets of 8 to 12 repetitions three times per week.
All programs were closely supervised and monitored to ensure maximum effort in participation.
While the training programs were rigorous and substantial, Slentz says their previous research leads him to believe similar results could be achieved with a more moderate aerobic exercise program.
"What really counts is how much exercise you do, how many miles you walk, and how many calories you burn," he said. "If you choose to work at a lower aerobic intensity, it will simply take longer to burn the same amount of unhealthy fat."
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