About half of the 65 million people in the United States who have high blood pressure now have it under control, up from 27 percent two decades ago, U.S. researchers said on Tuesday.
But the overall rate of Americans who have high blood pressure has not changed in recent years, reflecting the need for better prevention efforts, they wrote in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) earlier this year declared high blood pressure, or hypertension, a "neglected disease" that costs the U.S. health system $73 billion a year.
High blood pressure, or too much force exerted by blood as it moves against vessel walls, is easily preventable through diet, exercise, and drugs, yet it is the second-leading cause of death in the United States.
The IOM, one of the National Academies of Sciences, urged the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to regulate the amount of salt added to foods to help Americans cut their high sodium intake, which can lead to high blood pressure, kidney failure, and strokes.
Dr. Brent Egan of the Medical University of South Carolina and colleagues studied changes in hypertension rates, awareness, treatment, and control among nearly 43,000 U.S. adults over two periods — 1988-1994 and 1999-2008.
People in the group reported whether they were taking blood pressure control medications.
The team defined high blood pressure as being at least 140 for the systolic or top reading, and 90 for the diastolic or lower reading. Normal blood pressure is considered to be 120 over 80 or lower.
Between the two periods, the team saw a steady improvement among people who were able to get their hypertension under control, rising from 27.3 percent in the first period to 51.1 percent in the period ending in 2008.
These improvements reflected increased awareness of the need to control blood pressure and a greater proportion of people who were taking medications to keep their blood pressure in check.
They found rates of high blood pressure increased from 23.9 percent in 1988-1994 to 28.5 percent in 1999-2000, and that figure had not changed by the end of the 2007-2008 period.
And while the proportion of white people with high blood pressure fell slightly, there was no change in the number of blacks and a slight increase in the number of Hispanics with the condition.
Dr. Aram Chobanian of Boston University Medical Center said in a commentary that while the gains in treatment are encouraging, many challenges remain.
He said rates of high blood pressure will likely rise as the population ages unless steps are taken to change some of the underlying causes of high blood pressure.
Risk factors include obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and smoking. Chronic illnesses such as diabetes, kidney disease, and high cholesterol also can raise one's risk.
"In the long run, the far superior approach to controlling hypertension and cardiovascular diseases will be prevention rather than treatment," Chobanian wrote.
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